Nursing and Public Health

Piel. Zdr. Publ.
Index Copernicus (ICV) – 69.56
Average rejection rate – 24.41%
ISSN 2082-9876 (print)
ISSN 2451-1870 (online)
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Pielęgniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne Nursing and Public Health

2016, vol. 6, nr 1, January-March, p. 39–43

doi: 10.17219/pzp/61710

Publication type: review article

Language: Polish

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Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 Open Access

Terapia poznawcza oparta na uważności (MBCT) – podstawy teoretyczne i zastosowania

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Theoretical Background and Use

Mirosław Chybicki1,

1 Zakład Medycznych Nauk Społecznych, Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu, Wrocław

Streszczenie

Terapia poznawcza oparta na uważności (Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy – MBCT) to metoda terapeutyczna stworzona z wykorzystaniem technik rozwijających uważność, wzbogaconych o elementy terapii poznawczej. Terapia ma charakter grupowy i składa się z 8 cotygodniowych spotkań oraz ćwiczeń wykonywanych samodzielnie, a następnie omawianych na spotkaniach terapeutycznych. Wykazano wpływ MBCT na zwiększenie częstości doświadczania pozytywnych emocji i ograniczenie odczuwania emocji negatywnych, a także na wypracowanie umiejętności odnoszenia się do przeżyć wewnętrznych jako do „zjawisk mentalnych”, a nie jak do obiektywnego opisu rzeczywistości. Czynniki są uznawane za moderatory skuteczności tej metody w badaniach na wielu populacjach klinicznych. Liczna i zwiększająca się w ostatnich latach liczba badań wskazuje na dużą skuteczność metody MBCT zwłaszcza u chorych cierpiących na depresję, ale także w innych grupach pacjentów. Szczególnie skuteczne zastosowanie zaobserwowano w przypadku chorych znajdujących się w okresie remisji lub cierpiących na depresję lekooporną. Biorąc pod uwagę ostatnie lata, widać, że metoda jest coraz częściej stosowana i znacząco zwiększa się liczba badań jej skuteczności.

Abstract

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a therapeutic approach created on the basis of techniques increasing self-awareness: mindfulness training, with some elements of cognitive therapy (CT) added. It is a group therapy comprised of eight weekly meetings, as well as exercises performed alone that are later discussed at therapeutic meetings. It has been shown that MBCT increases the frequency of positive emotions and decreases the frequency of negative emotions, as well as allows the ability to refer to the inner experiences as to “metal phenomena” rather than accurate description of the “objective” reality. These factors can be moderators of efficiency of this method in many clinical populations. The numerous and growing number of recent studies on this subject show high efficiency among patients suffering from depression, but it also indicates its high potential among other clinical populations. MBCT appears to be especially effective between episodes of depression or in drug-resistant depression. The clinical use of this method, as well as the number of studies on the subject of its efficacy, is significantly growing in the recent years.

Słowa kluczowe

psychoterapia, leczenie depresji, terapia poznawcza oparta na uważności, MBCT

Key words

psychotherapy, depression treatment, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

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